______ implies that managers can make accurate decisions because the outcome of every alternative is known.

______ implies that managers can make accurate decisions because the outcome of every alternative is known.

(a) Risk
(b) Certainty
(c) Rationality
(d) Procedure
✅ Correct option: (b) Certainty
Explanation: Certainty means outcomes are known, making decisions easy and predictable.

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Managerial decision making is assumed to be ______ in that managers make consistent, value-maximizing choices within specific constraints.
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When managers assign probabilities to outcomes that may result, they are dealing with