___ defined psychology as the science of mental processes.

___ defined psychology as the science of mental processes. (a) McDugal (b) W.B. Pillsbury (c) James Sully (d) William James ✅ Correct Option: (b) W.B. Pillsbury Explanation: W.B. Pillsbury (1872–1939) defined psychology as the science of mental processes, emphasizing perception, memory, thinking, and problem-solving. His definition highlights psychology as a scientific study of internal processes, not merely behavior. Pillsbury contributed significantly to experimental psychology, bridging philosophy and science. Understanding this definition helps distinguish between psychology as a scientific discipline versus metaphysical interpretations of the soul. This is commonly asked in PPSC exams to test candidates’ knowledge of foundational definitions. 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. W.B. Pillsbury = science of mental processes 2. Focused on perception, memory, thought 3. Scientific approach, not metaphysical 4. Pioneer in experimental psychology 5. Differentiated from William James’ functionalism 6. Helped bridge philosophy and science 7. Basis for modern psychology definitions 8. Fundamental concept for exams 9. Tested in PPSC MCQs 10. Emphasizes scientific study over behavior